Tajweed 9: The Rules of Laam

1. When a letter with Fatha or Dhamma appears before the word Allah, both the Laams in the word Allah will be pronounced with a full mouth.
examples:
أرَادَ الله رَفَعَهُ الله

2. If before the word Allah a letter with a Kasra appears, then both the Laams in Allah are pronounced with an empty mouth.
examples:
بِسْمِ الله بِالله

Tajweed 10: The rules of waqf (stopping)

1. If there be a Harakat or Tanween of Kasra or Dhamma on the last letter of a word before stop, that letter is made a Saakin.
يَعْلَمُوْن يَعْاَمُوْن
And if it he a Tanween of Fatha then the last word is pronounced an Alif.
اَفْوَ اجا اَفْوَ اجاً
If the last letter be a round Taa ( ة)
when stopping it is read as Haa (ه )

2. A waqf is only correct if breath is taken before reading the following word. To read the last letter as Saakin and not to renew the breath is incorrect.

Tajweed 11: THE RULES OF MADD

The Mudood (Lengthenings) Part 1
Its linguistic definition: Extra
Its applied definition: Lengthening of the sound with a letter of the madd letters.
The madd letters are in the following three cases:
1. The alif is always in this state, which is an alif saakinah, preceded by a fathah:
2. The ي saakinah preceded by a kasrah
3. The و saakinah preceded by a dhammah:
All three of these madd letters appear in one word in the following examples

اوذينا نوحيها اوتيها
The leen letters
*The و saakinah preceded by a fat-hah, such as: او
* The ي sakinah preceded by a fat-hah), such as: شيء

The madd is divided into two groups:
1. (The Original Madd) المد الاصلي
2. (The Secondary Madd) المد الفرعي
The Natural Lengthening المد الطبيعي
Its definition: It is the medd (lengthening) that without which the letter cannot exist (the timing), and it does not stop due to a hamzah or a sukoon.
Its indications: There should not be a hamzah before it, and there should not be a hamzah or sukoon after it.
It is named original because it is the origin of all mudood (lengthenings). It is called natural because the person with a natural measure will not increase its measure nor decrease it.
Its timing: It is lengthened two vowel counts.
The timing of each count depends on the speed of the reciter. Each vowel should be equal in count to the other, and the mudood of two, four, five, and six counts should be equal to that many vowels.
Examples of (the natural lengthening ): كما معدودات

In all these three words, have a natural madd with different madd letters and will have the timing of two vowel counts. A note, the word has a natural madd as long as we do not stop on the word. As stated before in the indications of the natural madd there cannot be a sukoon after the madd letter. If we were to stop on this word, the letter would acquire a presented sukoon, and the madd would no longer be considered a natural madd, but would be a different kind of madd, Included in المد الطبيعي is the group of letters " حي طهر ", which are letters that start some surahs of the Qur’an. If any one of these letters is at the beginning of a surah, the letter is read with two vowel counts. An example of this would be: طه . Another example is in the letters and pronounced as in the opening verse of surah Maryam: كهيعص .

(from the website abouttajweed)

Tajweed 12: THE RULES OF MADD (2)

There are four types of madd e Fara`i
1. Madd e Muttasil
2. Madd e Munfasil
3. Madd e Laazim
4. Maad e Aaridh

Madd E Muttasil :
If after Huroofe Madd there appears a Hamza in the same word, the Madd is known as Madd Muttasil. Duration 4 or 5 counts
Examples: جاءَ جْيِىءَ سُوْءَ

Madd E Munfasil :
If after Huroofe Madd there appears a Hamza in the following word, that Madd is known as Madd e Munfasil (Separate Madd) The duration of this Madd is 4 or5 counts.
Examples:في اَنْفْسِكُمْ مَا اَنْزَ لْنَا

Madd E Laazim: مدِّ لا زم
If after Huroofe Madd there appears such a Saakin which cannot be separated from the letter of Madd it is known as Madd e Laazim. Duration 6 counts.

Madd E Aaridh: مدّعارض
If after Huroofe Madd there appears a Saakin which is caused by a Waqf (stop), then such a Madd is known as Madd e Aaridh. Duration is 2 , 4 or 6 counts.
Example: رَحِيْم َتَعلمُوْن


Madde Leen :
If after a letter of Leen there is a Saakin letter due to a stop (waqf) then Madd is permitted. The duration of this Madd is 2 ,4 or 6 counts .
Examples: وَالصيف مِنْ خَوْف

Tajweed 13: The Rules Of The Letter Raa

1. A Raa with Fatha or Dhamma on it should be pronounced with a full mouth.كافرون click here to listen to practice

2. A Raa with Kasra under it should be pronounced with an empty mouth.ريحا click here to practice

3. When there is a Fatha or Dhamma before Raa Saakin the letter Raa will be pronounced with a full mouthالقران click here to hear it

4. If there be a Kasra before Raa Saakin the Raa will be read with an empty mouthمرصادا click here

5. When there is a Yaa Saakin before Raa Mawquf (A Raa on which one decides to stop) the Raa will be said with an empty mouth.